Earlier you learned that "the labor problem" that existed in the late 1800s and early 1900s was characterized by long hours, low wages, unsafe working conditions, and arbitrary management practices. Describe how utilitarianism and libertarianism could be used to justify the actions of the employers. Then describe how their actions might violate the ethical principles established by these two theories.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

There are six different ethical perspectives that can be used to evaluate employer's actions. Utilitarianism defines ethical actions as those that maximize aggregate welfare. From this perspective, aggregate profit or economic wealth is desirable as it will bring the greatest good to society overall. This may mean that some people have to suffer in the short run. Libertarianism sees actions that infringe on others' freedoms as unethical. This perspective may be seen as emphasizing property rights and freedom from governmental interference. It can be argued, however, that from both perspectives the labor problem was a violation of the ethical standard. First, it is questionable whether employers' actions were truly benefiting a majority or whether they were simply enriching themselves at the expense of the workers. Second, the libertarianism perspective would suggest that employers were obligated to respect the freedom of the workers. However, given the harsh working conditions, excessive hours, and, in some cases, employer control of stores, churches, and transportation, it is clear that workers often had very little freedom.