What is a potential outcome of drinking alcohol?
a. Inflammation of the liver
b. Scarring of liver tissue.
c. All are potential outcomes of drinking alcohol.
d. Accumulation of fat in body tissues.
e. Cirrhosis of liver tissue.
c
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Two groups of your colleagues are arguing over the amount of energy required for a beaker full of Substance X to complete an endergonic reaction. The first group insists that only the activation energy for a single reaction is necessary, which will release at least enough energy to start a second and third reaction, until all the reactants are consumed. The second group strongly disagrees, insisting that the energy required is equal to the activation energy of a single set of reactants, multiplied by the number of reactant sets in that volume of Substance X. Which group is correct?
a. Group 1 is correct, if and only if the energy released by each set of reactants is sufficient to activate a secondary reaction, after accounting for entropy. b. Group 2 is correct; the amount of energy required must equal the activation energy of all of the reactants in the beaker of Substance X. c. Group 2 is half right; endergonic reactions absorb energy, so free energy, activation energy, and entropy losses for all reactants must be included. d. Neither group is correct; endergonic reactions occur spontaneously, and the reaction has likely been completed unnoticed during this argument.
White muscle fibers contain some, but relatively, few ____
a. stored ATP molecules b. creatine phosphate molecules c. nuclei d. sarcomeres e. mitochondria
Why are nearly all AIDS patients at risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia?
A) Pneumocystis jiroveci is becoming a wide-spread contaminant in health care environments. B) Pneumocystis jiroveci is commonly found in a wide variety of soils. C) The pathogen is easily transmitted from infected persons to others. D) Pneumocystis jiroveci is a common member of the respiratory microbiome in humans and opportunistic pathogen. E) Pneumocystis jiroveci is zoonotic in a wide range of vertebrates and exposure is unavoidable.
Imagine that you are an archaeologist on a dig somewhere on an East Asian island and than you begin to excavate an area littered with stone tools that also has the remains of an ancient fire. Subsequent carbon dating of the charcoal from the fire yields
a date of 100,000 years before the present. Given these circumstances, which species would you expect most likely set that fire? A) Homo ergaster B) Australopithecus afarensis C) Homo erectus D) Ardipithecus ramidus