The introduction of an unpleasant or painful stimulus, or the removal of a desirable stimulus that decreases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur in the future, is considered ________ learning
a) classical
b) punishment
c) social-cognitive
d) reinforcement
b
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Grandma told the grandkids that their "PaPa" was right about the "little hammer and other things" being in their heads. She then added that their inner ear looked like a snail. This fluid-filled structure that looks like a snail is the
a. pinna. b. auditory ossicle. c. cochlea. d. umami.
Mice with regular long-term potentiation (LTP) a. are unable to form spatial maps
b. form spatial maps that are inaccurate. c. form spatial maps accurately but experience immediate loss of those maps. d. form new maps and can retain them for long periods of time.
When the sperm and an ovum are joined, a single new cell is formed. This process is known as conception, or
a. implantation. c. insemination. b. germination. d. fertilization.
In describing their lives, the large majority of middle-aged people report __________
A) only positive life events B) crisis and major restricting in midlife C) continuity with little or no change D) troubling times that prompt new goals