Immobilization causes what effect on metabolism?
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Decreased metabolic rate
c. Positive nitrogen balance
d. Increased levels of stress hormones
ANS: B
Immobilization causes a decreased metabolic rate with slowing of all systems and a decreased food intake. Immobilization leads to hypercalcemia and a negative nitrogen balance secondary to muscle atrophy. Decreased production of stress hormones occurs with decreased physical and emotional coping capacity
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