What did Douglas Lipton and colleagues conclude with regard to the effectiveness of probation programs?
A) Probationers have a significantly higher violation rate than parolees.
B) If placed on probation, recidivism rates of a large number of offenders now incarcerated will be higher.
C) Intensive probation supervision is associated with higher recidivism rates for youths under age 18.
D) Recidivism rates of a large number of incarcerated offenders would remain constant on probation.
Answer: D
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The law that defines the acts the government will punish is called __________________________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Agnew’s unified approach:
a. seeks to unite the major criminological theories (i.e., strain, learning, and control) through propositional integration. b. is a reanalysis and reformulation of some of the basic assumptions in criminology. c. is an effort to connect theories of crime rates to theories of criminality. d. reexamines the history of the criminal justice system to understand how it has influenced criminological theorizing over the years. e. is an integration of Agnew’s general strain theory, Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime, and Akers’s social learning theory.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Americans are overwhelmingly supportive of the government's use of drones to target U.S. citizens who might be collaborating with al-Qaeda or other terrorist networks. 2. America’s jails and prisons are referred to as the new asylums because of their increasing number of elderly inmates. 3. Suicide is the number-one cause of death among inmates in local jails. 4. Researchers agree that available data clearly proves a strong relationship between immigrants and criminality. 5. The Task Force of the National Immigration Forum asserts that forcing local law enforcement to enforce federal immigration law would threaten community policing efforts and damage relationships with immigrant communities.
Most of the general public, as well as police administrators, believe that the Miranda warning requirement should be done away with
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false