Different experimenters observe the world in different ways. This is referred to as:
a. ecological validity.
b. contextual bias.
c. the personal equation.
d. biased interaction.
C
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Maternal postpartum depression
a. is common (i.e., found in about 50 percent of first-time moms). b. has few long-term effects on a child. c. tends to be found in individuals with a history of depression. d. strengthens the infant-maternal attachment.
What field is most interested in the transformation that information undergoes as it enters a communication system, as it operates within the system, and as it leaves the system?
a. Cybernetics b. Artificial intelligence c. Information theory d. Theory of cognitive dissonance
Tamika, a 9-month-old infant, watches as her mother pushes a button on a toy and the toy beeps. Several hours later, Tamika pushes the button and the toy beeps. This is an example of:
a. deferred imitation. c. instrumental learning. b. imitation. d. classical conditioning.
Research on eye gaze and perception of facial expression indicates that which of the following tends to be most quickly decoded?
a. an angry face looking right at us b. an angry face looking away from us c. a fearful face looking right at us d. a fearful face with eyes closed