A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit
At first, the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak. After a while, it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb. Eventually, the bird flies up to the piece of fruit, even though the use of its wings prevents it from being reinforced with the fruit. According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints, the bird is demonstrating _____.
A) response generalization
B) a reversion to behavior that was instinctual for it
C) the Law of Effect
Incorrect. The Law of Effect was proposed by Thorndike; since the bird isn't getting the fruit, that principle is not applicable here.
D) stimulus discrimination
Answer: B
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. "Cognitive psychologists conducted most of the experiments on learning from the 1930s to the 1950s. " 2. "Habituation and sensitization are forms of learning that can be demonstrated in the simplest of organisms. " 3. "In Pavlov's work with dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was salivation. " 4. "In Pavlov's work with dogs, the conditioned stimulus was the sound of a bell. " 5. "In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is initially neutral and does not evoke a conditioned response. "
When students review their notes in one long study session without any interruptions, it is referred to as __________ practice
a. spaced b. massed c. sequential d. experiential
In Martin Seligman’s studies, dogs that were exposed to inescapable shocks eventually ____
a. ?displayed psychotic symptoms b. ?figured out a way to deal with the shocks successfully c. ?gave up trying to escape d. ?became mentally stronger as a result of the experience
The humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to
a. the capacity of humans to make choices. b. breaking down complex behavior into elementary units of behavior. c. how environmental forces come to control the individual's behavior. d. the powerful instinctual tendencies that dominate people's actions.