Compare and contrast the processes of unification in Germany and Italy.
What will be an ideal response?
Both areas consisted of multiethnic principalities with diverse economic and political interests. Germany had more ethnic and religious diversity, but it also had a preexisting economic confederation (the Zollverein) that loosely organized it. Both areas used nationalism to promote a sense of cultural unification in spite of regional differences and dialect variations. However, Cavour found it useful to project a common enemy, Austria, and ally with Napoleon III of France to gain the backup he needed to force Austria out. In Italy, the Red Shirt movement led by Garibaldi had built on the activism of several decades, promoting the historical and cultural legacy of all regions of Italy and had popular support from Young Italy and the carbonari. In Germany, there were claims of cultural achievements, to be sure, but Bismarck relied more on technology and natural resources, as well as advanced industrialization, to build up military forces and then provoke wars with France and Austria and thus appeal to Germans to unite against a common enemy.
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The small military posts on the Spanish northern frontier were intended primarily to __________.
a. serve as trading centers b. discourage European rivals c. ward off Indian attacks d. provide food and shelter for missionaries
The text mentions a 1912 survey of French students aged 18 to 25 that showed
a. most believed war to be contrary to the basic tenets of Christianity and, hence, not an alternative. b. they did not identify strongly with the French nation. c. they saw in warfare "an aesthetic ideal," an opportunity "for the most noble of virtues." d. they hoped for peaceful accommodation with foreign powers. e. most did not believe that war was likely.
According to the video in the introduction, European expansion in the fifteenth century was motivated by a desire to find a route to the __________
A) Caribbean B) South Pacific C) Americas D) Indies
What were the major ideas associated with conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism, and what role did each ideology play in different nation-states in Europe between 1800 and 1870?
What will be an ideal response?