Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria?

A. Strep throat

B. botulism
C. anthrax
D. tetanus
E. lockjaw


A. Strep throat

Biology & Microbiology

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It has been estimated that 99% of the intestinal bacteria are

A. facultative anaerobes. B. obligate aerobes. C. facultative aerobes. D. obligate anaerobes.

Biology & Microbiology

What is true of the Cambrian explosion?

A) There are fossils of animals in geological strata that are older than the Cambrian explosion. B) Only the fossils of microorganisms are found in geological strata older than the Cambrian explosion. C) The Cambrian explosion is evidence for the instantaneous creation of life on Earth. D) The Cambrian explosion marks the appearance of filter-feeding animals in the fossil record.

Biology & Microbiology

Viral neutralization testing is based on the fact that

A) antibodies can be produced against the toxin of a pathogen. B) antibodies have different molecular weights. C) viruses introduced into appropriate cell cultures have a cytopathic effect. D) the gene for a pathogen's antigen can be isolated and introduced into a host cell by way of a plasmid. E) antibodies to certain microbes can be given a fluorescent label.

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following limits the use of experimental data in business settings/applications?

A. The software to handle the analysis of experimental data is prohibitively expensive. B. Experimental data is often too large for businesses to handle. C. Most business applications do not involve questions centered on causality. D. Conducting experiments relevant for business questions are often not feasible.

Biology & Microbiology