Explain how to calculate cardiac output (CO)
What will be an ideal response?
To determine cardiac output for a ventricle, we need to know both its stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume (SV) can be easily calculated by subtracting the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of a contraction (the end-systolic volume, or ESV) from the amount of blood in the ventricle after it has filled during diastole (end-diastolic volume, or EDV). In an average heart, the resting stroke volume is equal to about 70 ml while the resting heart rate (HR) averages 60-80 cardiac cycles per minute. In summary, the calculation for cardiac output is: CO = HR × SV.
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