What lessons can we draw from President Obama’s 2008 and 2012 campaigns about voter turnout?
a. The most effective way to get large numbers of voters to the polls is television advertising.
b. Sending a handwritten letter to every potential voter is a powerful tool to encourage people to vote.
c. Even spending large amounts of money on mobilization efforts has a very small effect on campaign outcomes.
d. Massive and effective turnout efforts by candidates and parties can get potentially free-riding supporters to the polls.
d. Massive and effective turnout efforts by candidates and parties can get potentially free-riding supporters to the polls.
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The term patrimonial state refers to
a. the great overrepresentation of males in state leadership positions. b. the tradition of authoritarianism that characterized Russian politics until the early 1980s. c. the personalistic nature of politics during the Soviet era in which one leader was elevated to a top position. d. the system of government in which the ruler treats the state as his personal property. e. none of these.
Reforms to strengthen the governors' administrative powers include:
A. electing other state executives independently of the governor. B. reorganizing the state executive branch into a larger number of departments. C. allowing the governor to appoint a cabinet of department heads. D. all of the above
Term limits:
a. do not apply to elected executives. b. have severely crippled the effectiveness of California's governors. c. have meant that no current executive office holders held any elected position in state government prior to 2000. d. has had little if any impact on the careers of elected executives, since almost none held any one office for more than 8 years even before the adoption of term limits. e. None of the above
What is a disadvantage of divided government?
a. It acts as a check and balance across institutions. b. It often expands the scope of government. c. It does not allow for clear accountability on policy. d. It often stunts economic growth.