John, Paul, George, and Ringo are hooked up to electroencephalographs. John is in stage 3 sleep. Paul is also asleep, but he is dreaming. George just fell asleep a few minutes ago and is in stage 1 sleep. Ringo cannot fall asleep and is awake and mentally active. Whose EEG will look different than those produced by the other three?
A. John
B. Paul
C. George
D. Ringo
Answer: A
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Zimbardo, in his study of college students who were either prisoners or guards in a simulated prison, concluded that the participants felt compelled to act consistently with their roles.
a. True b. False
Of the following real-world phenomena, the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people
A. do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome. B. are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80 percent fat free than 20 percent fat. C. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. D. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side.
According to Dickinson, ______ is (are) initially under the control of behavior-reinforcement beliefs. However, with more training, S-R ______ develop and control behavior.
A. operant behavior; habits B. Pavlovian conditioning; contingencies C. habits; contingencies D. operant behavior; expectancies
In every Western country for which records exist, there has been a downward trend in the age of menarche. This trend is known as the ____
a. secular trend b. lowering trend c. early onset trend d. sooner trend