The following reinforcement is given out by teachers, adults, peers, or parents who express praise and approval for appropriate behavior. It may be verbal, such as "good job!" It may be written with a smiley face or it may be in the form of an expression such as a smile, a pat on the back or a wink. This is known as ____________________
A. Natural reinforcement
B. Token reinforcement
C. Tangible reinforcement
D. Social reinforcement
D
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A researcher is designing a study in which his goal is to describe variables or the relationship between variables. In this particular study, he cannot control or manipulate the variables involved in the study. This type of study is considered to be a(n) ______ design.
A. nonexperimental B. experimental C. flawed D. biased
You are examining a published journal article to determine if it is more of a quantitative or qualitative study. All of the following characteristics would help you identify that it is a quantitative study except
a. the inclusion of specific research questions. b. the use of numeric or numbered data. c. the sample of a large number of individuals. d. the interpretation of the larger meaning.
Which of the following groups approve of corporal punishment?
a. the National Association of School Psychologists b. the National Education Association c. the Council for Exceptional Children d. none of these e. all of these groups endorse corporal punishment
. Although more than one organization might set ethical standards for educational research, the American Educational Research Association is considered by most to be the principal organization responsible for developing the standards by which most education researchers should operate.
a. True b. False