Two ways hospitals attempt to reduce costs through reduction in the LOS are:
a. disease management and case management
b. disease management and DRGs
c. case management and clinical pathways
d. DRGs and clinical pathways
C
When hospitals looked for opportunities to reduce costs through the reduction in the LOS clinical pathways and case management became significant strategies. Clinical pathways are care management tools that outline the expected clinical course and outcomes for a specific patient type. Case management reduces costs through coordination of care. Disease management is a way to inform the patient about the disease process and care for the disease.
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A family member of a patient asks the nurse about the protein-restricted diet ordered because of advanced liver disease with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by the nurse would best explain the purpose of the diet?
a. "The liver cannot rid the body of ammonia that is made by the breakdown of protein in the digestive system." b. "The liver heals better with a high-carbohydrate diet rather than with a diet high in protein." c. "Most people have too much protein in their diets. The amount in this diet is better for liver healing." d. "Because of portal hypertension, the blood flows around the liver, and ammonia made from protein collects in the brain, causing hallucinations."
You enter your client's room to see her sitting in a chair, fidgeting with her hands, and looking worried. Your appropriate response would be:
1. "Would you like me to call a chaplain?" 2. "You seem distracted and nervous. Can I help?" 3. "You seem distracted and nervous. Would you like your nerve pill now?" 4. "It is time for your medicines now."
When a friend comes to the nurse's apartment to seek help to stop the bleeding from a broken nose, the nurse would attempt to convince the friend to seek treatment in the emergency depart-ment primarily because
a. cosmetic results are poor when treatment is delayed. b. general anesthesia may be needed to locate the bleeding vessels. c. it will be very difficult to stop the bleeding if the nose is fractured. d. the nose cannot be set for 2 to 3 days if edema develops.
As a concerned citizen and professional nurse, you will be encouraging your senators and representatives to support expansion of health clinics for the poverty stricken. Where is the most desperate need at this point in time?
a. Rural areas where migrant and seasonal farm workers labor b. Inner-city poverty-stricken neighborhoods c. Inside elderly low-income housing units d. Inside high schools in poverty-stricken neighborhoods