How effective is discount policy as compared to open market operations in managing the money supply? Explain how The Federal Reserve uses discount policy today
What will be an ideal response?
The effectiveness of discount policy in changing the money supply depends upon banks' willingness to borrow reserves. The Fed may lower the discount rate of interest, encouraging bankers to borrow reserves and increase loans. But bankers are not required to increase their borrowing. In contrast, an open market purchase of securities will increase reserves in the banking system and encourage lending. The Fed prefers to limit the use of discount policy to help banks that are temporarily in need of reserves. That is, the Fed uses the policy to serve as a lender of last resort for banks. It did so after the stock market crash in 1987 and after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.
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When will the substitution effect of a wage increase cause a fall in the amount of labor employed?
a. Always. b. When labor is not a regressive factor. c. When labor and capital are substitutes in production. d. When labor and capital are complements in production.
Which area in the above figure shows the consumer surplus at the price and quantity that would be attained if the industry were perfectly competitive?
A) A + B + C + D B) A + B + C + D + E C) F + G + H D) A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H
If the agent has more information than the principal and there is only one state of nature, then
A) efficiency in both production and risk-bearing can be achieved. B) only efficiency in production can be achieved. C) only efficiency in risk-bearing can be achieved. D) neither efficiency in production nor efficiency in risk-bearing can be achieved.
The expected value of litigation is the expected value of the gain from litigation for the ________ and the expected value of the loss from the litigation for the ________.
A) defendant; plaintiff B) plaintiff; defendant C) defendant; defendant D) plaintiff; plaintiff