Which of the following describes the order in which blood flows through the nephron?
A) efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole
B) glomerulus, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole
C) afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
D) afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus
Answer: C) afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
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Together, the inflation and deflation reflexes are known as the ________ reflexes.
A) red herring B) Hering-Breuer C) Breuer-Shipley D) chemoreceptor E) vagal
Familial dysautonomia is a rare genetic disorder of the autonomic nervous system. Problems include difficulty in feeding and respiration, vasomotor instability, insensitivity to pain, and ataxia (an unsteady gait). Patients with this syndrome have low numbers of autonomic neurons, probably related to defects in production and/or survival of the neural crest precursors of these neurons. Which of the following structures would not be affected by this disorder?
(A) Pyloricsphincter (B) Abdominalaorta (C) Teniaecoli (D) Diaphragm (E) Hepatopancreatic sphincter
Tetanus of muscles is described as
A. action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. B. a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. C. a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. D. a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. E. a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The removal of carbon dioxide is as important to survival as is the constant supply of oxygen. 2. The respiratory tree is the structure used by the respiratory system to distribute air. 3. The exchange of gases occurs by way of the active transport of oxygen. 4. The thickness of the walls of the respiratory membrane assists in the function of gas exchange. 5. The surface area of the alveoli for gas exchange is about 10 square meters.