The nurse is completing an assessment to determine an older patient's development of moral reasoning. Which observation indicates that the client has developed moral reasoning as anticipated?
1. Considers relationships as well as justice in moral decisions
2. Approaches moral decisions based upon the consequences to self
3. Follows society's rules of conduct in response to the expectations of others
4. Bases moral judgments on connectedness to others and the value of relationships
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Older adults begin to make moral decisions that are consistent with the theories of both Kohlberg and Gilligan. Older men consider relationships, as well as justice, in moral decisions, and older women add justice to the factors they consider in moral situations.
Rationale 2: Approaching moral decisions based upon the consequences to self does not exemplify development of moral reasoning for the older adult client.
Rationale 3: Following society's rules of conduct in response to the expectations of others is a belief of Kohlberg; however, this does not demonstrate the development of moral reasoning for an older adult.
Rationale 4: Basing moral judgments on connectedness to others and the value of relationships is a belief of Gilligan, who identified this approach to moral behavior in women.
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