The noncoding regions of mammalian mitochondrial genomes have few to no repair mechanisms, but no real selective pressure. Which of the following are consequences of this condition?
A) a rate of mutation that is much higher than that of nuclear sequences
B) a high rate of loss of mitochondrial genomes relative to nuclear sequences
C) a high rate of natural selection for genomes identical to those of the mother
D) a lower rate of mutations that remain in maternal lineages over evolutionary time
E) a rate of mutation that can increase with successive generations in a maternal line
A
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Bacteria are grown in 15N (heavy) medium and then transferred to 14N (light) medium and are allowed to replicate for 1 generation. The DNA is subsequently isolated and centrifuged in a CsCl2 gradient to yield what type of gradient band(s)?
A. one heavy band. B. one light band. C. one half-heavy (intermediate to heavy and light) band. D. one heavy and one half-heavy band. E. one heavy and one light band.
Which of the following is a photosynthate produced by photosynthesizing leaves?
a. ATP b. sucrose c. glycine d. chlorophyll
The pulmonary circuit
a. involves the hepatic portal vein. b. moves oxygenated blood to the lungs. c. includes the coronary arteries. d. leads to, through, and from the lungs. e. does all of these.
In a simple bioinformatics exercise, students are asked to locate the beginning of an ORF among the six possible reading frames for a hypothetical DNA molecule. The first step in their process should involve looking for what sequence?
What will be an ideal response?