One of the most difficult problems for any teacher is a child who consistently disrupts class. Researchers have shown that giving attention in the form of scolding to a disruptive child actually increases the child's misbehavior. In the terms of operant conditioning, the scolding is a ____.?
a. ?punisher
b. ?penalty
c. ?positive reinforce
d. ?negative reinforcer
ANSWER:
c
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Social scientists who focus on concrete problems—such as how to boost literacy rates in schools or how to increase energy conservation—are known as ____
a. counselors b. applied researchers c. psychometricians d. social workers
Many death row inmates are convicted on the basis of eyewitness testimony. Which statementbest represents what is known about this kind of testimony??
a. ?Eyewitness testimony is highly reliable. b. ?Good and bad eyewitness testimony is evaluated accurately by juries. c. ?Eyewitness testimony can be biased by the type of questions that are asked. d. ?Eyewitness testimony is never reliable.
For 15-24-year-olds in the U.S., between 1960 and 1990
a. suicide rates more than doubled b. suicide rates remained stable c. suicide rates declined by 25% d. suicide rates declined by 50% e. suicide was the leading cause of death
Which type of drugs lead to the most dramatic changes in consciousness?
a. barbiturates b. depressants c. hallucinogens d. opiates