Empirical research indicates that identifying children as "troubled" or "troublemakers" increases the likelihood that they will engage in rule-breaking activity. Which framework best explains this finding?
A. labeling theory
B. structural contradiction theory
C. capital theory
D. opportunity theory
Answer: A
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According to sociologist William J. Wilson, which of the following factors contributes to the continued lower socioeconomic positions of African Americans?
a. the increasing crime rates among blacks and other racial minorities b. the continued dislike of white business owners toward black employees c. the relocation of industries away from where many minorities live d. the reducing population of African Americans
________ occurs when families attempt to reframe the life event or stressor in ways that are more favorable
A) Cognitive redefinition B) Appraisal-focused coping C) Cognitive avoidance D) Denial
Taken together, the body of research on personal control indicates it may serve as a __________ for one's well-being in the face of declining health and other losses associated with the oldest adults.
A. proxy or measure B. protective factor C. stress factor D. motivator
Which of the following minority groups is the largest?
a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. Hispanic Americans d. American Indians