How did the Qing dynasty in China and the Ottoman Empire deal with the problem of ruling over large numbers of people whose religion and culture were different?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

A. Rule of other cultures in China
1. Chinese imperialism was of an intensive kind
a. dedicated not merely to economic exploitation and trade
b. colonization and spreading Chinese ways among native peoples
2. ways that China subdued native peoples
a. promise of immunities from taxation
b. enforced deportation and inducements to voluntary settlers
3. intensive new settlement provoked conflicts and solutions
a. tribal peoples reshuffled or penned in reservations
b. militarized agricultural colonies growing wheat, barley, peas,
and maize while keeping the natives in check
B. Rule of other cultures in Ottoman Empire
1. dominated huge territories and diverse populations by mobilizing large
armies equipped with up-to-date firepower
a. armies shuttled back and forth across the empire to keep
Europeans inhibited and Safavid Persians at bay
b. state needed extraordinary strength to survive
2. used conquests to aid in expansion
a. overran Egypt in 1517 and exploited it for huge annual tax
surpluses that sustained campaigns
3. Suleiman the Magnificent
a. pace of conquest was enormous
b. exerting more informal lordship over much of the rest of Arabia
4. degree of imperial authority could hardly be uniform in the outlying
parts of so extensive an empire
a. khans of Crimea negotiated terms of pay—often in the form of
captive slaves—for joining the sultans' campaigns
b. Transylvania, on the western edge of the empire, was a vassal
state, with low taxes and a Christian prince
c. in Arab lands, the sultans used religion as a source of
legitimacy, but—with only sporadic displays of force to back it
up—they found it hard to turn that legitimacy into effective
allegiance
d. patchwork of different methods and conventions of rule that were
often hard to keep under close control