The older client who has dementia is incontinent of urine, so the nurse plans nursing care to maintain skin integrity. Which does the nurse use in the client's plan of care? (Select all that ap-ply.)
1. Offer frequent toileting.
2. Keep the skin clean and dry.
3. Restrict oral fluids after dinner.
4. Collaborate for urinary catheter.
5. Apply adult incontinence briefs.
6. Instruct UAPs on barrier creams.
1, 2, 5, 6
1. Offering frequent toileting increases the chances of getting the client to void and preventing exposure of the perineum to urine for long periods.
2. The nursing staff works together to provide adequate hygiene; clean, dry garments; and prompt attention to incontinence to keep the client's skin clean and dry. Al-though skin needs moisture for suppleness and elasticity, skin should remain in a dry environment to prevent fungal overgrowth.
5. Incontinence briefs can become necessary to prevent client urination on clothing or bed linens when incontinent.
6. Barrier creams are effective preventive measures helping to maintain skin integrity by creating a moisture-resistant barrier on the skin; however, skin breakdown or irri-tation are contraindications for the creams because, if a pathogen is present, the bar-rier cream will encase it on the client's skin and thus promote an infection. The nurse instructs the UAPs to restrict the use of barrier products on intact skin.
3. Restricting fluids in an older adult is an ineffective method of maintaining skin integrity because the skin needs moisture to be supple, elastic, and strong. In addi-tion, older adults frequently have impaired thirst and do not drink enough water.
4. Urinary catheters are necessary when precise measurements of urine output are required; however, urinary catheters are generally avoided for clients with urinary incontinence because of the high risk of infection associated with indwelling urinary catheters.
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