Comparative genomics is an approach used to learn how genes and genomes have evolved. Describe three different
concepts that have been revealed by comparative genomics studies.
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: By comparing genomes from different organisms, we have first learned that many presentday
organisms share a large number of genes, many of which are used for standard shared
processes such as transcription and translation, metabolism, etc. Second, we have learned that
there are genes that are restricted to certain groups (eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria; or
plants, animals, primates, humans, etc.). These differences are one way to determine how
different organisms are related to each other and how life evolved at a molecular level. Third,
comparative genomics has also been used to study human evolution. Although the human
was the first mammal to have its genome sequenced, there have been many more mammalian
genomes sequenced since then, including many primates. The similarities and differences
found among various mammalian genomes are useful in determining evolutionary
relationships among those mammals.
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Aerobic refers to what property of chemotrophs?
A) Chemotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the air. B) Chemotrophs require oxygen to produce energy. C) Chemotrophs use, but do not require oxygen. D) Fermentation releases great amounts of gas but only in chemotrophs. E) Heat losses occur in the presence of oxygen.
Two outwardly dissimilar groups, the ____________ and the chordates, together with a few other small phyla, constitute the deuterostomes.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
A rain shadow is the region where heavy condensation precipitates out, as warm, moist air rises and then cools on the windward side of mountain ranges.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Select the likely consequences of a gallstone that blocks the bile but not the pancreatic duct. (Select all that apply.)
a. Poor fat digestion b. Poor carbohydrate digestion c. Jaundice (yellow tint to skin) d. Constipation