Outline and discuss the four major sources that may provide probable cause. Personal observation. Police officers may use their personal training,
What will be an ideal response?
o experience, and expertise to infer probable cause from situations that may not be obviously criminal.
Information. Law enforcement officers receive information from victims,
o eyewitnesses, informants, and official sources such as police bulletins or broadcasts. Such information, as long as it is believed to be reliable, is a basis for
probable cause.
o Evidence. In certain circumstances, police have probable cause for a search or
seizure based on evidence—such as a shotgun—in plain view.
Association. In some circumstances, if the police see a person with a known
ο
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Howard Zinn rejected civil disobedience
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Why has there been so much legislation to protect sport officials from criminal violence from fans and sport participants?
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is the strategy most often used by the police in managing juvenile crime?
A. gang prevention B. education drop-out prevention C. drug prevention D. law enforcement
Raphael is a new police officer. He shows no interest in conducting field interrogations or making traffic stops or searches. He responds to calls only when there is an emergency or when there is a dispatch. Which of the following statements is most likely true about Raphael?
A. He receives no cooperation from other police officers in his department. B. He is most likely to be called a hard charger by his colleagues. C. He is a high-ranking officer in his department. D. He has a passive style of policing.