Explain how nutrients are delivered from the GI tract to body cells by the vascular system and the lymphatic system and describe the different types of lipoproteins.
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Cells require a wide variety of nutrients and oxygen. The delivery of these substances is accomplished by the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. The cardiovascular system consists of the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation. These circulatory routes deliver blood to specific regions within the body. The systemic blood circulates between the heart, the body organs, and back again. The pulmonary route circulates blood between the heart and lungs. In addition to circulating fat-soluble nutrients, the lymphatic system plays an important role in maintaining blood volume and protecting against disease. After lipids are digested, they are transported by lipoproteins throughout the body, supplying cells with fats they need to carry on activities that foster normal growth, reproduction and cell function. There are four different lipoproteins,
Chylomicrons
Chylomicrons are the largest and most dense lipoprotein. Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system and travel throughout the body, breaking down and getting smaller as triglycerides are detached from the chylomicron and distributed to cells and adipose sites.
Very Low-Density Lipoproteins
Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) travel throughout the body. VLDLs have a smaller concentration of fat to protein at the beginning, with more protein than fat. However, as they travel throughout the body and give off matter, the concentration of cholesterol to protein
increases, and they essentially become low-density lipoproteins (LDL) once they increase their concentration of fat to protein enough.
Low-Density Lipoprotein
Low-density lipoproteins, or LDLs, transport cholesterol to replenish cell cholesterol supply. LDLs are then lysed in the liver and secreted into the gallbladder and the intestinal system for waste.
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Measurements for weight, length, or head circumference below the _____ percentile indicate that an infant is small for gestational age (SGA), whereas measurements above the _____ percentile indicate that an infant is large for gestational age (LGA).
A. 5th; 80th B. 10th; 95th C. 25th; 85th D. 15th; 95th E. 10th; 90th
In proportion to size, babies need more nutrients than adults
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Inflammation of the large intestine is known as
a. colitis. b. indigestion. c. hemorrhoiditis. d. acid dysregulation.
Which of the following can help end worldwide malnutrition?
A) People of different countries and belief systems committing to work together B) Economic improvements C) Increased education D) Improved sanitary conditions E) All of the above