For clinical decision-making carbapenemase production should be detected using:
a. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
b. Modified Hodge test or Carba NP test.
c. molecular methods for specific carbape-nemases.
d. routine AST methods using current CLSI interpretive criteria.
D
Current CLSI interpretive criteria are sufficient to detect carbapenem resistance to the carbape-nem agents in clinical use at this time. For epidemiologic or research studies or if interpretive guidelines from 2010 or prior are used then Modified Hodge test or Carba NP tests, MAL-DI-TOF, or molecular methods can be used to confirm the presence of carbapenemase activity or specific carbapenemase genes.
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In a fifty-two card deck, the chances of drawing the only ace of spades are
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A. c - a - b - d B. d - c - b - a C. c - a - d - b D. a - c - b - d E. a - b - c- d