What were the two primary courses of heating that let the Earth differentiate? Which is more important to us today?

What will be an ideal response?


Impacts of asteroids and radioactive decay. Radiation decay of radioactive elements still provides the energy to drive plate tectonics.

Physics & Space Science

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Black holes, by definition, cannot be observed directly. What observational evidence do scientists have of their existence?

A) Theoretical models predict their existence. B) Gravitational interaction with other objects. C) Space is, overall, very black. D) We have sent spacecraft to nearby black holes. E) We have detected neutrinos from them.

Physics & Space Science

A point charge of 6.0 nC is placed at the center of a hollow spherical conductor (inner radius = 1.0 cm, outer radius = 2.0 cm) which has a net charge of ?4.0 nC. Determine the resulting charge density on the inner surface of the conducting sphere

a. +4.8 ?C/m2 b. ?4.8 ?C/m2 c. ?9.5 ?C/m2 d. +9.5 ?C/m2 e. ?8.0 ?C/m2

Physics & Space Science

Homogeneity and isotropy, taken as assumptions regarding the structure and evolution of the universe, are known as:

A) Obler's Paradox. B) Hubble's Law. C) Wien's Law. D) the Cosmological Principle. E) the Grand Unified Theory.

Physics & Space Science

____________ is a satellite of Pluto

a. Miranda b. Charon c. Venus d. Krypton e. Nereid

Physics & Space Science