A patient with ESRD comes into the emergency department in severe acidosis. The nurse notes that the respiratory rate is 36 breaths/minute
The nurse understands the pathophysiology of this response and explains to the student nurse that the patient's
A)
anxiety level is high, and the body is trying to release endorphins.
B)
chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies have noticed the pH change and altered the ventilator rate.
C)
kidneys are not able to buffer the acid and require the help from the lungs.
D)
lungs are trying to excrete excess hydrogen.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
The second line of defense against acid-base disturbances is the control of extracellular CO2 by the lungs. Blood PCO2 and pH are important regulators of ventilation. Chemoreceptors in the brain stem and the peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies sense changes in PCO2 and pH and alter the ventilatory rate.
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A patient with severe hypertension, identified to receive an investigative medication that has shown a dramatic decrease in blood pressure, has been told that his participation in the study is no longer needed
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