List and explain at least three patterns of inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait
What will be an ideal response?
In disorders with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, anyone who carries one copy of the allele has the disorder. Unless a new mutation is involved, every affected individual has at least one affected parent. Because most affected individuals are heterozygotes (Aa) with a homozygous recessive (unaffected) spouse (aa), each child has a 50% chance of being affected. Because the trait is autosomal, the numbers of affected males and females are roughly equal. Because most affected individuals are heterozygotes, two affected individuals may have unaffected children. The phenotype in homozygous dominant individuals is often more severe than the heterozygous phenotype.
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A cell that has 36 chromosomes at the start of interphase will have __________ following the conclusion of mitosis in a eukaryote
(A) 18 replication chromosomes (B) 36 single-stranded chromosomes (C) 72 single-stranded chromosomes (D) 18 single-stranded chromosomes
Extremophilic bacteria are able to survive in hostile environments, including scalding hot water as well as springs and vents that reach temperatures over 100°C
Researchers studying these bacteria measured the function of a protein from an extremophile bacterium at 100°C, and they also measured the function of a similar protein from a human cell at 100°C. Which of the following results do you think the researchers obtained? A) The bacterial protein functioned normally, whereas the human protein did not. B) The human protein functioned normally, whereas the bacterial protein did not. C) The bacterial protein and the human protein both functioned normally. D) Neither the human protein nor the bacterial protein functioned normally.
For the process of diffusion to occur, molecules must
A. move from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration until an equilibrium is reached. B. move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until an equilibrium is reached. C. remain stationary until their molecular motion allows for an equilibrium to be reached. D. move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until an equilibrium is reached by active transport. E. move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until facilitated transport can assist the molecular equilibrium.
IgE antibodies are best described as
A) a cause of basophil and eosinophil degranulation. B) the antibodies found in body secretions. C) those involved in complement activation. D) the trigger for antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC). E) the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial phases of an immune response.