Describe multifactorial gender theory and its implications for counselors and parents of middle school children.
What will be an ideal response?
The multifactorial gender theory suggests that gender identity not only includes one’s identification with a chosen gender but also involves ones’ personal and public esteem of their gender, as well as the effect of gender stereotypes. Each culture, with its own view of gender status, gender socialization, and stereotypes, may influence gender identity development. For example, in cultures where males have higher status, males have reported greater pressure to conform to gender stereotypes. This pressure often leads to more negative psychological adjustment, as well as effects on one’s gender typicality and gender contentment. Middle childhood is a time period in which fitting in is of upmost importance to a child’s self-esteem. Above all, gender typicality is the most predictive correlate of adjustment and self-esteem in middle childhood. This implies that parents, counselors, and mental health professionals should help children become more comfortable with their own gender category but also encourage them to explore cross-gender activities.
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Which is a method that is NOT commonly used in behavioral consultation?
a. Negative reinforcement b. Shaping c. Dream analysis (P. 215) d. Contingency contracting
Social construction refers to
a. a school of philosophy. b. the view that all answers are correct. c. how interactions with others affects peoples' view of their world. d. circumscription and compromise.
Objectives must: a. belong and detailed
b. explain why an action is being taken. c. describe where the client wants to be at the end of the process. d. be measurable.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Responding accurately to content and feeling is not usually a more effective way to deepen the relationship than asking questions. 2. Empathy is the same as sympathy. 3. en are generally conditioned to be less comfortable with identifying and expressing feelings than are women. 4. Oftentimes, when a client has created a lifestyle around a particular feeling state, it is as a defense against more primitive, frightening feelings underneath. 5. Rogers believed that empathic conditions were necessary and sufficient for client growth and for successful counseling outcomes.