According to the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, if the principal quantum number is n, how many different orbital angular momentum quantum number(s) are permitted?
A)
n/2
B)
n
C)
2n
D)
3n
E)
4n
B
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Recent experiments suggest that the lifetime of the proton is over 1033 years, more than what is predicted by the simplest grand unified theories
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In an industrial refrigeration system, brine (10 % NaCl by weight) having a viscosity of 0.0016 (Ns)/m2 and a thermal conductivity of 0.85 W/(m K) is flowing through a long 2.5-cm-ID pipe at 6.1 m/s. Under these conditions, the heat transfer coefficient was found to be 16,500 W/(m2 K). For a brine temperature of –1°C and a pipe temperature of 18.3°C, determine the temperature rise of the brine per meter length of pipe if the velocity of the brine is doubled. Assume that the specific heat of the brine is 3768 J/(kg K) and that its density is equal to that of water.
GIVEN
• Brine flowing through a pipe
• Brine properties
? Viscosity (?) = 0.0016 Ns/m2
? Thermal conductivity (k) = 0.85 W/(m K)
? 10% NaCl by weight
? Specific heat (c) = 3768 J/(kg K)
• Pipe inside diameter (D) = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m
• Brine velocity (V) = 6.1 m/s
• Heat transfer coefficient ( h c) = 16,500 W/(m2 K)
• Brine temperature (Tb) = –1°C
• Pipe temperature (Ts) = 18.3°C FIND
• Temperature rise of the brine per meter length (?Tb/m) if the velocity is doubled (V = 12.2 m/s) ASSUMPTIONS
• Steady state
• Fully developed flow
• Constant and uniform pipe wall temperature
• Density of the brine is the same as water density
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
density (?) of water ? 1000 kg/m3
Credit for research in our knowledge of atomic spectra includes
A) Johann Jacob Balmer. B) Johannes Rydberg. C) Walter Ritz. D) all of the above E) none of the above
A solar-mass star will evolve off the main sequence when
A) it loses all its neutrinos, so fusion must cease. B) it completely runs out of hydrogen. C) it builds up a core of inert helium. D) it explodes as a violent nova. E) it expels a planetary nebula to cool off and release radiation.