Describe three push and three pull factors that have influenced the demographic shift from rural areas to urban areas (2 points for each accurately identified factor).
What will be an ideal response?
Push factors: no jobs, lack of food, inadequate housing, political conflicts, racial conflicts, religious conflicts
Pull factors: opportunity for education, variety of jobs, entertainment, freedom, social mobility, prestige, power
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Hardened soils that have minimal infiltration and aeration may form cryptogamic crusts
A) consisting of algae, lichens, and mosses that stabilize the soil surface. B) consisting of algae, lichens, and mosses that continue to erode the soil surface. C) characterized by large stones and gravel called desert pavement. D) representing accumulations of salts that prevent plant and fungal growth at the soil surface.
________ are low ridges of flood-deposited sediment that form on both sides of a stream channel and thin away from the channel.
A. Point bars B. Natural levees C. Cut banks D. Oxbows E. Deltas
Streams of protons and electrons emitted from the Sun produce ________
A) plages B) granules C) quasars D) prominences E) the solar wind
Savanna grass would most likely be associated with which climate type?
a. ?tropical rainforest (Af) b. ?tropical monsoon (Am) c. ?tropical wet-and-dry (Aw) d. ?semi-arid (BS) e. ?dry-summer subtropical (Cs)