Under common law, if a royal judge successfully applied a ruling in a number of different cases and published that ruling in order that other judges could apply the ruling in their subsequent decisions, the ruling would become ______.
A. a precedent
B. a royal order
C. statutory law
D. a key decision
Answer: A
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Which of the following is NOT an assumption of deterrence theory?
a. Individuals are rational actors.
b. Individuals view risks of particular crimes as unpleasant.
c. Offenders must be aware of the penalty for particular crimes.
d. Sanctions must be swift, severe, and absolute.
Identify a true statement about intensive-supervision probation and parole (ISP).
A. It provides more lenient conditions than traditional probation and parole. B. Of all people placed on parole or probation, a majority are placed under ISP because of the availability of resources and the large caseloads required by ISP. C. ISP programs are characterized by inescapable supervision, such as multiple weekly contacts between officers and clients and frequent testing for drug use. D. Offenders pass through a series of phases that become progressively more restrictive during the period of intensive supervision.
Which of the following is a significant provision of the current USA PATRIOT Act?
a. Prohibits certain religious from entering the country b. Expands government's ability to look at records on an individual's activity being held by third parties c. Limits the FBI's authority to obtain search warrants d. Allows FBI agents sneak into all Americans' homes without a warrant
What does a UCR-reported murder rate of 4.8 mean?
a. About five people were murdered. b. About five people in every 100,000 were murdered. c. About five people a day were murdered. d. About five people were arrested for murder per 10,000 arrests.