Women in custodial institutions were typically convicted on _____.
A. Status offenses
B. Property crimes
C. White-Collar crimes
D. Victimless crimes
B. Property crimes
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Using an intermediate sanction as a stiffer punishment for offenders who would have ordinarily been sentenced to probation or other lesser sanctions is known as ________________.
A. community service B. net widening C. prison population reduction D. deferring sentence
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. There is little evidence that increasing the severity of the sanction (in the form of sentence length) has any deterrent effect. 2. Cesare Lombroso was well-known for his contributions to biological positivism. 3. Social defense theorists view crime in terms of Bentham’s principle of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. 4. Jeremy Bentham coined the term "criminaloid" to refer to born criminals. 5. Hedonism is a doctrine whose central tenet is that the achievement of pleasure is the main goal of life.
What is the relationship between siblings and delinquency?
a. There is no relationship between siblings and delinquency. b. If one sibling is a delinquent, there is little probability another sibling will engage in delinquent behaviors. c. If one sibling is a delinquent, there is a significant likelihood that his brother or sister will engage in delinquent behaviors. d. The relationship is uncertain and lacks research findings.
What type of evidence establishes the existence of a fact that is in question without relying on inference?
a. Direct b. Circumstantial c. Real d. Relevant