All of the following are involved in carrying energy outward from a star's core except
A) convection.
B) radiative diffusion.
C) conduction.
D) neutrinos.
C
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A spherical satellite circling the sun is to be maintained at a temperature of 25°C. The satellite rotates continuously and is covered partly with solar cells having a gray surface with an absorptivity of 0.1. The rest of the sphere is to be covered by a special coating which has an absorptivity of 0.8 for solar radiation and an emissivity of 0.2 for the emitted radiation. Estimate the portion of the surface of the sphere which can be covered by solar cells. The solar irradiation may be assumed to be 1,420 W/m2 of surface perpendicular to the rays of the sun.
GIVEN
- A spherical satellite partially covered with solar cells is orbiting the sun
- Satellite temperature (Ts) = 25°C = 298 K
- Solar cell absorptivity (?c) = 0.1
- Absorptivity of the rest of the satellite (?2s) = 0.8
- Emissivity of the rest of the satellite (?s) = 0.2
FIND
The portion of the surface which can be covered by solar cells
ASSUMPTIONS
Ambient temperature (T?) = 0 K
Quasi steady state
Solar irradiation (Iso1) = 1420 W/m2 of the surface perpendicular to the rays of the sun
Satellite and cell surfaces are gray
Surface temperature of the satellite is uniform
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
the Stephan-Boltzmann constant
Going from medium mass nuclei to heavy nuclei, the average binding energy per nucleon
A) does not change. B) decreases. C) behaves randomly with no clear pattern. D) doubles. E) increases.
After reviewing the data from Procedures 5 and 6, in general how do you think the voltages across individual elements in a parallel circuit compare with the total voltage supplied to the circuit?
What color would you select for a container that will hold ice cubes such that the ice is preserved the longest?
a. white b. black c. green d. color doesn't matter