Explain the two different categories of Application layer protocols, and then detail the PDU used at this layer.
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Application layer protocols are used by programs that fall into two categories:
*Application programs that provide services to a user, such as a browser and Web server using the HTTP Application layer protocol
*Utility programs that provide services to the system, such as SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) programs that monitor and gather information about network traffic and can alert network administrators about adverse conditions that need attention.
Data that is passed between applications or utility programs and the operating system is called a payload and includes control information. The two end-system computers that initiate sending and receiving data are called hosts.
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