A leading researcher and clinician in the treatment of autism
is Ivar Lovaas, who claimed that the use of ABA (applied behavior analysis) with children diagnosed with autism led to increased language and intellectual skills. Others have argued that his intervention was not nearly as effective as he suggested, but rather that some of his participants were simply higher functioning to begin with. This alternate interpretation of Lovaas's results is a demonstration of which of the six principles of scientific thinking?
A) Falsifiability
B) Ruling out rival hypotheses
C) Correlation vs. correlation
D) Extraordinary claims
Answer: B
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Linda, who is pregnant, and Fred, her husband, visit her doctor. Upon examination, the doctor concludes that the baby's spinal cord and eyes have appeared and the features of the face are evident for the first time. What stage of the prenatal development is the baby most likely in?
A. germinal stage B. embryonic stage C. fetal stage D. proximodistal stage
What type of neuron in the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons?
A. Afferent B. Efferent C. Intrinsic D. Inter-synaptic
Which best describes the way attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) develops as children grow into adulthood?
A. children tend to outgrow ADHD B. ADHD tends to evolve into more severe forms of pathology C. symptoms remain relatively stable throughout the life span for most individuals D. manifestations of ADHD tend to change over time but many problems often persist
In the analogy comparing variance to the picture on a television screen, error variance is analogous to
a. the picture b. static or snow c. the soundtrack d. shifts in the picture e. a blank screen