A client with an alteration in the renal system is demonstrating inconsistent blood pressure control. The nurse realizes that the substance produced by the kidneys that assists in blood pressure control is:
1. antidiuretic hormone.
2. erythropoietin.
3. renin.
4. vitamin D.
3
Renin is produced by the kidneys and helps control blood pressure. Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary. Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells. Vitamin D is activated by the kidneys and influences calcium metabolism.
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The following are approaches to measuring research variables, except:
A) Self-reports B) Literature reviews C) Observations D) Biophysiologic measurements
A patient with moderate to severe chronic pain has been taking oxycodone [OxyContin] 60 mg every 6 hours PRN for several months and tells the nurse that the medication is not as effective as before
The patient asks if something stronger can be taken. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss: a. administering a combination opioid anal-gesic/acetaminophen preparation. b. changing the medication to a contin-ued-release preparation. c. confronting the patient about drug-seeking behaviors. d. withdrawing the medication, because physical dependence has occurred.
A client was prescribed hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin), one tablet q4h p.r.n. pain. The nurse knows the advantage of using a combination product is:
a. a lower dose of opioid analgesic will be required to achieve the same level of pain relief. b. it is less likely to produce allergic reactions. c. it is less likely to result in client abuse and overdose. d. it is not a controlled substance, so the client can get as many refills as needed.
A patient who arrives at the emergency department experiencing severe left knee pain is diagnosed with a patellar dislocation. The initial patient teaching by the nurse will focus on the need for
a. a knee immobilizer. b. gentle knee flexion. c. monitored anesthesia care. d. physical activity restrictions.