Chlorine has seven electrons in its valence shell. The number of electrons it must gain to complete its
valence shell is:
a. one.
b. two.
c. three.
d. seven.
e. eight.
A
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Chemical communication can also occur locally between neighboring cells, or between individuals, through the release of pheromones, coordinating social interactions. The figure below shows epithelial cells in the lungs
When the epithelial monolayer is damaged by mechanical injury, breaching of the barrier allows epithelial cells to sense injury and initiate a repair pathway. When the ligand binds its receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that stimulates cell division. The ligand (heregulin) is produced by these same cells that produce the receptor, but is released only on the apical side of the epithelium. Mechanical damage allows molecules from apical and basal surfaces to mix. The signaling is best described as: A. paracrine. B. autocrine. C. endocrine. D. synaptic.
The wild-type eye color of Drosophila is red. A single-base mutation can occur that produces a white eye color. What statement is correct regarding this mutation?
A. It is an example of a mutation that alters protein function B. Individuals with white eyes have a reversion mutation C. It would be an example of a silent mutation D. The white eyed phenotyope is called an example of a neutral mutation.
During the _______ period, no additional action potentials can be created.
a. absolute refractory b. conduction c. integration d. relative refractory
Diffusion of morphogens influences the differential expression of other genes such as __________, which govern the formation of specific body parts.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).