What are the various ways in which toxins can interfere with normal neuron function?
What will be an ideal response?
Black widow venom causes excess release of acetylcholine, causes excess depolarization, paralysis occurs. Botulinum toxin blocks release of acetylcholine, nerves cannot release enough acetylcholine, paralysis occurs. Curare blocks acetylcholine receptors, action potential cannot be generated in the muscle, paralysis occurs. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which acetylcholine receptors are destroyed by erroneously acting antibodies, muscles cannot respond to acetylcholine, paralysis occurs. Organophosphates irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, constant depolarization, muscle cells cannot repolarize, so paralysis occurs.
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While definitions of the brainstem may differ, they all include which structure?
A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Thalamus D. Hypothalamus E. Midbrain
Adding one mole of NaCl to one liter of water will lower the water concentration twice as much as adding one mole of glucose.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Select the incorrect characteristic of mitochondria
a. They have an inner fluid-filled space called the cristae. b. They possess their own DNA. c. They are the site of cellular respiration. d. Their inner membranes contain electron carriers. e. They possess two membranes.
Metabolically, cardiac muscle relies on
A. aerobic metabolism using glycolysis of glycogen to meet most ATP demands. B. aerobic metabolism using many mitochondria and a rich supply of myoglobin. C. anaerobic metabolism using glycolytic enzymes to quickly generate ATP. D. anaerobic metabolism using myoglobin, creatin kinase, and ketone bodies.