If a person has been convicted and is incarcerated and has exhausted his or her state appeals, the individual can file:
a. A constitutional challenge
b. A collateral attack
c. A dissenting opinion
d. Only a and b
d. Only a and b
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Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts?
a. appellate jurisdiction b. overlapping jurisdiction c. original jurisdiction d. limited jurisdiction
The police department for which you have just been named Chief of Police has been burdened recently with an spike in violent offending, higher arrest rates, and unfavorable views toward policing from many in the community. You are charged with turning things around in a positive direction. Among your efforts to improve your department, you have directed officers to begin focusing on concentrated areas of high criminal activity that have been drawing a directed police response. These areas are known as ______.
A. crime maps B. patrol locations C. hot spots D. community spots
Who coordinates all drug testing and is the recipient of all test results?
a. personnel b. captain of section c. internal affairs d. backgrounds
Once discrimination has been established in court, the burden of proof in establishing the validity of the practice shifts to the defendant.
a. true b. false