Which of the following standards of proof is evidence that more likely than not outweighs the opposing evidence, or sufficient evidence to overcome doubt or speculation?
A. mere suspicion
B. probable cause
C. preponderance of evidence
D. reasonable suspicion
Answer: C
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Which of the following activities by a police officer is not one that could result in a Section 1983 lawsuit?
A) Officers at the police station physically assault an arrested suspect who is handcuffed to a bench. B) An on-duty officer uses excessive physical force against nonviolent demonstrators. C) An off-duty police officer uses excessive physical force while moonlighting as a security guard. D) All of these actions could result in Section 1983 lawsuits.
A model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser is motivated by a craving for the pleasurable effects of the drug is called physiological dependence
a. True b. False
Which of the following is not an advantage of using intermediate sanctions?
A. They are more directly related to the offense committed. B. They are socially cost-effective. C. They are more flexible. D. The are cheaper.
A written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation and submitted to judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant, is the definition of:
A. the totality of circumstances. B. an affidavit. C. probable cause. D. reasonable suspicion. E. a stop.