Which assessment finding supports the nurse's suspicion that a client is experiencing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A) Dysrhythmias
B) Cyanotic nail beds
C) Clubbing of the fingers
D) Cough in the morning producing clear sputum
Answer: D
The earliest-presenting symptom of COPD is coughing in the morning with clear sputum unless the client develops an infection, in which case the sputum would become yellow or green in color. With the progression of COPD, the body compensates by producing extra red blood cells. These extra blood cells clog the small blood vessels of the fingers, leading to the development of cyanotic nail beds and clubbing of the fingertips. Enlargement and thickening of the right ventricle of the heart often results in dysrhythmias.
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A dominant focus of patient care in the current health care environment is:
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