?Define psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). Provide two examples of study findings arising from PNI research.
What will be an ideal response?
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the field of study that seeks to understand the complex communications among the nervous system, the psyche, and the immune system, and their implications for health. The text provides several examples, including:?• PNI research has shown that traumatic stress, such as the death of a loved one, can impair a person's immunity for as long as a year.• Studies of university students and staff in the United States and Spain have implicated stress and a generally negative outlook in increasing susceptibility to the common cold.• By inflicting small cuts in volunteers who then were subjected to controlled stressful situations, researchers have shown a significant delay in healing among those who are under stress.• Among medical students who received a hepatitis B vaccine, antibody and immune cell responses were diminished in subjects with more anxiety, higher stress, and less social support.?
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The combining form that means sameness is ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the axillary vein?
A) If lacerated in the axilla, there is a risk of producing an air embolus. B) It is the vessel that is actually punctured in a typical "subclavian" vein puncture for catheter insertion. C) It lies deep to the axillary artery as the vessels cross the 1st rib. D) It is formed by the union of the brachial and basilic veins. E) It may receive blood from the inguinal region of the body.
Patients being treated with antineoplastic drugs and their families should be instructed ________.
a. to omit discussion regarding side effects, in order to avoid a self-filling prophecy b. that foods will be allowed only based on client’s caloric needs c. to avoid brushing teeth as it may cause bleeding d. to observe for bruises and for bleeding in stools, urine, and gums, reporting any evidence of such to medical personnel
The most significant risk for most cancers is
A. family history. B. age. C. sex. D. ethnicity.