A firm wants to evaluate a leadership program. Upper-level managers are asked to evaluate the leadership of their mid-level managers and then pair up managers having about the same levels. One member of each pair is assigned to the program which consists of extreme physical exertion such as mountain climbing. Although only half of those selected completed the program, one year later those mangers
completing the program were compared on leadership ability to their matched pairs who had not taken the program. It was found that those completing the program were rated higher than their matched pairs. What threat to internal validity might be operating here?
A) selection
B) history
C) mortality
D) statistical regression
A
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There are two forms of logical reasoning used in problem solving: __________.
A. algorithmic and heuristic reasoning B. inductive and algorithmic reasoning C. heuristic and deductive reasoning D. inductive and deductive reasoning
James Marcia (2010) developed the idea of ____ identity statuses representing the possible combinations of the concepts of exploration and commitment
a. two b. four c. six d. eight
Without _________, it is difficult to acquire tacit knowledge
a. componential intelligence b. contextual intelligence c. experiential intelligence d. metacognitive intelligence
What are circadian rhythms; how do they normally affect our motivation and alertness; what are the detrimental effects of interrupting these rhythms through travel, shift work changes, or "burning the midnight oil;" and how can these detrimental effects be treated?
What will be an ideal response?