Discuss the pros and cons of estrogen replacement therapy following menopause
What will be an ideal response?
Since estrogen helps build strong bones, estrogen replacement could help postmenopausal women avoid the bone-thinning condition of osteoporosis. A lack of estrogen increases osteoclastic activity and diminishes osteoblastic activity; the result is decreased bone density and a greater incidence of bone fractures. Estrogen also helps modulate the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the arteriolar walls by promoting local release of the vasodilator nitric oxide. The lack of estrogen leads to unstable control of blood flow, especially in the skin, and the transient increases in the flow of blood through these vessels are responsible for the "hot flashes" that frequently accompany menopause. The major con is that the chance of breast cancer is associated with an elevation in the total lifetime exposure to estrogen. Other cancers, such as those in the reproductive system may also be attributed, in part, to chronic exposure to estrogen later in life.
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Muscle glycogen stores would be broken down during an exercise bout lasting several hours because ________.
A. exercising muscle can only utilize glucose for energy for long-term exercise B. exercising muscle needs the fatty acids released from glycogen for energy C. glycogen can enter the mitochondria and produce more ATP than glucose D. exercising muscle utilizes both glucose and free fatty acids for energy during long-term exercise
A whistle-tip suction catheter is MOST often used to:
A) suction large debris from the oropharynx. B) rapidly remove large volumes of vomitus. C) remove secretions from an ET tube. D) suction an adult's mouth for 15 to 30 seconds.
Which of the following statements regarding vision is FALSE?
A. The cornea refracts light rays more strongly than the lens. B. Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens cannot accommodate adequately for near vision. C. Myopia is a condition in which the lens focuses light from distant objects behind the retina. D. Cataract is an increase in opacity (clouding) of the lens. E. The image of an object that is focused on the retina is upside down relative to the object's actual position in space.
Match the structure of the eye with the appropriate description.A. Photoreceptor cells that function in black and white visionB. Photoreceptor cells that function in color visionC. The opening in the irisD. The innermost tunic of the eyeE. A pigmented contractile structureCones
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).