Alexandra is a 28-year-old editor who presents to the clinic with abdominal pain. The pain is a dull ache, located in the right upper quadrant, that she rates as a 3 at the least and an 8 at the worst. The pain started a few weeks ago, it lasts for 2 to 3 hours at a time, it comes and goes, and it seems to be worse a couple of hours after eating. She has noticed that it starts after eating greasy
foods, so she has cut down on these as much as she can. Initially it occurred once a week, but now it is occurring every other day. Nothing makes it better. From this description, which of the seven attributes of a symptom has been omitted?
A) Setting in which the symptom occurs
B) Associated manifestations
C) Quality
D) Timing
B) Associated manifestations
The interviewer has not recorded whether or not the pain has been accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, weight loss, and so on. Associated manifestations are additional symptoms that may accompany the initial chief complaint and that help the examiner to start refining his or her differential diagnosis.
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Riverdale has a small budget for community health programs aimed specifically toward its African American population. Nurse G advocates free blood pressure screening in supermarkets and shopping malls in this town because:
A) Many causes of morbidity and mortality among black Americans cannot be effectively controlled through lifestyle modifications B) Black Americans have a higher incidence of cancer and diabetes than white Americans C) Hypertension and heart disease occur at a higher rate in the black population than in the white population D) Black persons experience a heightened nocturnal response that lowers blood pressure to dangerous lows during sleep
What does adequate gas exchange depend on?
A) The perfusion/diffusion ratio B) An adequate ventilation-perfusion ratio C) The diffusion of gas in the shunted blood D) The shunting of blood in the lungs
A woman who is 36 weeks pregnant asks the nurse to explain the vibroacoustic stimulator (VAS) test. Which should the nurse include in the response? (Select all that apply.)
a. The test is invasive. b. The test uses sound to elicit fetal movements. c. The test may confirm nonreactive non–stress test results. d. The test can only be performed if contractions are present. e. Vibroacoustic stimulation can be repeated at 1-minute intervals up to three times.
Which response by the nurse best explains the purpose of ranitidine (Zantac) for a patient admitted with bleeding esophageal varices?
a. The medication will reduce the risk for aspiration. b. The medication will inhibit development of gastric ulcers. c. The medication will prevent irritation of the enlarged veins. d. The medication will decrease nausea and improve the appetite.