A 69-year-old patient is brought to the ED by ambulance because a family member found him lying on the floor disoriented and lethargic. The physician suspects bacterial meningitis and admits the patient to the ICU
The nurse knows that risk factors for an unfavorable outcome include what? Select all that apply.
A) Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg
B) Heart rate greater than 120 bpm
C) Older age
D) Low Glasgow Coma Scale
E) Lack of previous immunizations
Ans: B, C, D
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Risks for an unfavorable outcome of meningitis include older age, a heart rate greater than 120 beats/minute, low Glasgow Coma Scale score, cranial nerve palsies, and a positive Gram stain 1 hour after presentation to the hospital. A BP greater than 140/90 mm Hg is indicative of hypertension, but is not necessarily related to poor outcomes related to meningitis. Immunizations are not normally relevant to the course of the disease.
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A nursing manager recognizes that a registered nurse has a strong sense of professional identity when which behavior is seen?
a. Joins professional organizations and attends their conferences b. Participates in unit governance and on hospital-wide committees c. Reappraises own professionalism as new technologies and roles evolve d. Relies on historical meanings of professionalism to guide practice
A patient is admitted to the cardiac care unit with an acute anterior myocardial infarction. The nurse assesses the patient to be diaphoretic and tachypneic, with bilateral crackles throughout both lung fields
Following insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter by the physician, which hemodynamic values is the nurse most likely to assess? a. High pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and low cardiac output b. Low pulmonary artery occlusive pressure and low cardiac output c. Low systemic vascular resistance and high cardiac output d. Normal cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance
A client with a history of cardiac problems is brought to the emergency room by the paramedics with a tentative diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI, or "heart attack")
The paramedic tells the nurse that the client had pain in the jaw area that was not relieved with nitroglycerin. The client asks the nurse how jaw pain is related to having a "heart attack." The nurse's best explanation is: 1. "The doctors would rather treat you as a cardiac client until they find out why the nitroglycerin did not work." 2. "Sometimes cardiac pain is not just in your chest, but in your jaws, arms or back." 3. "You may have been so stressed that you clenched your jaws and not realized if you had any chest pain or not." 4. "It may not be related, but cardiac pain is so serious to investigate and treat."
Kohlberg's Model of Moral Development has been criticized for
a. Focusing exclusively on individualistic viewpoints of moral development b. Focusing on moral development, which is not ethical development c. The non-inclusive subject sample used in developing the model d. The authoritative nature of the stages