Which of the following is required if a researcher wants to analyze genes in different species for their homologies?
A. relatively short DNA sequences
B. relatively short RNA sequences
C. relatively long DNA sequences
D. relatively short polypeptide sequences
E. relative differences in a species' metabolomics
C. relatively long DNA sequences
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Why would the use of a known, reliable starter culture improve the safety of fermented meat products?
A. It doesn't. All fermented meat products are inherently unsafe since we can't determine what fermentation products are left behind in the food. Some of them may be toxic. B. By using pure starter cultures, we KNOW what we're adding in, and how much. We can control the microbial fermentation precisely to best prepare the food product. C. We need to be very careful which microbes are introduced into a food product. Some microbes can interact with microbes already present in the food, producing toxins and toxic byproducts that might harm human beings. D. Not every fermenting microbe ferments the same way. Even different strains of the same species might produce different products. Some of these products might not be safe for human consumption. E. By using pure starter cultures, we KNOW what we're adding in, and how much. We can control the microbial fermentation precisely to best prepare the food product AND not every fermenting microbe ferments the same way. Even different strains of the same species might produce different products. Some of these products might not be safe for human consumption.
Water is able to cross plant plasma membranes by a combination of
A. osmosis and aquaporins. B. evaporation and diffusion. C. root pressure and turgidity. D. diffusion and phloem. E. transpiration and Casparian strips.
In a hypothetical study, equal numbers of marked dark and light moths are released in polluted and unpolluted woodlands and recaptured 10 days later. According to the industrial melanism hypothesis, which of the following results is unexpected?
A. More marked dark moths should be recaptured in polluted woodlands than in unpolluted woodlands. B. Fewer unmarked dark moths should be captured in polluted woodlands than unmarked light moths. C. Fewer marked light moths should be recaptured in polluted woodlands than in unpolluted woodlands. D. Fewer marked dark moths should be recaptured in unpolluted woodlands than in polluted woodlands. E. More marked light moths should be recaptured in unpolluted woodlands than in polluted woodlands.
Animals use auricular muscles to swivel their ears to home in on sounds. Humans have auricular muscles but we can't turn our ears. So why do humans have auricular muscles?
A) They are needed in the development of the human embryo but not in the adult. B) They are still needed to help us swallow and retract our tongue. C) They are vestigial structures we inherited from mammalian ancestors D) People who can wiggle their ears due to auricular muscles have a reproductive advantage.