Who was Émile Durkheim and how did he relate to the function of punishment?
What will be an ideal response?
Durkheim was a pioneering sociologist who discussed how punishment makes
contributions to society and social order. He distinguished between retributive and
restitutive justice.
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Replicating Sherman and Beck's pro-arrest study, Gardner, Fagan and Maxwell determined that:
a. Pro-arrest policies were significantly effective and should be required. b. Pro-arrest policies significantly reduced the number of violent acts in domestic relationships. c. Pro-arrest policies were only useful in relationships involving an unmarried couple d. Pro-arrest produced no deterrent effect and the subsequent level of violence increased with arrest
A(n) ____________________ is a sentence of incarceration that is not carried out unless the offender disobeys the rules of probation while in the community.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What are some modifications of the neoclassical movement that influenced the resurgence of deterrence theory?
What will be an ideal response?
Travis Hirschi tested the principal hypotheses of social control theory. While evidence was strong and supportive, what is the most controversial aspect of Hirschi's conclusions?
a. Youths who are strongly attached to parents were less likely to commit crime. b. Youths who were involved in conventional activities were less likely to engage in criminal behavior. c. Youths who maintained weak, distant relationships with people tended toward delinquency. d. Any form of social attachment is beneficial, even to deviant peers and parents.